hips. Elbows. eyes. Heart Testing "The 4 Core"

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In America there is OFA elbows. However there is also BVA,FCI or CT Scans. When Testing elbows we are looking for any kind of dysplasia or oddities.  

Aside from DNA testing for eyes there are also eye cerf exams to assess dogs for the presence or absence of observable hereditary eye disease. 

There are several different test for hips but here in America there are two. One is PennHip the other is OFA. (BVA,AVA & FCI are health testing from outside the states)  Dysplasia is of concern in Medium/Large Breed Dogs. Genetics can play a role but often it is an environmental factor. Such as Growth rates, Weight & Surfaces to name just a few. 

Hearts can be tested by a cardiologist, specialist or practitioner. I prefer a Cardiologist or Specialist. There are Echos & Auscultation. Either One is accepted by OFA.  We are looking for any kind of defect.